Gee... Thanks, Jay... I think...11: Well, the AoC did divide powers between the Fed (such as it was) and the states, but if you mean the CURRENT federal government, the constitution.
12: Well, let's see. Constitution was written in late 18th century. Got to have time for Washington's eight years, and probably eight for Adams. 1800-1820.
13: Well, my history of the specific course of the Revolutionary War is a little vague. I know that we lost Bunker Hill (really Breed's Hill, but who's counting?), but inflicted heavy casualties. Not really a loss. Valley Forge was pretty bad. I'd have to say that.
14: Not A or B. Or E.
I'd have to go with C. Most of the FF's, from what I gather, were rather isolationist.
15: The Monroe Doctrine was the statement that Europe should get its nose out of our hemisphere. Something that they have yet to do, as the existance of French Guiana shows. 
16: Tocqueville. One of his more brilliant observations was that our democracy would only endure so long as the politicians didn't realize they could bribe the people with their own money.
17: A rap singer. An oxymoron, I know, but...
18: 1861-1865, to be precice.
19: Yorktown was during the Revolutionary War, so presumably MacArthur and Grant wouldn't have been there. Nor Sherman. Obviously, Washington.
20: Hmm. This one stumps me. The first two were a couple of the stupidist supreme court decisions ever made. We've already established the fourth one's aim. I have to say C. It just feels right.
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"To disarm the people [is] the best and most effectual way to enslave them."
- George Mason, American Statesman and Author of the Virginia Declaration of Rights (1776)